الکتروموتور - موتور الکترونیکی چیست؟ - کاردان گیربکس

الکتروموتور - موتور الکترونیکی چیست؟

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نحوه کار یک موتور DC بر این اصل که قطب های هم نام آهنربا یکدیگر را دفع و قطب های غیر هم نام یکدیگر را جذب می کنند استوار است. سیم پیچی که از میان آن جریان الکتریکی عبور می کند، یک قطب مغناطیسی به وجود می آورد که مرکز آن با مرکز سیم پیچ یکی است. با قطع و وصل کردن جریان سیم پیچ قطب مغناطیسی آن نیز می تواند قطع و وصل شود و یا با تغییر جهت جریان؛ قطب مغناطیسی می تواند ۱۸۰ درجه تغییر جهت دهد. یک موتور DC ساده به طور معمول دارای یک سری آهن ربا بر روی استاتور و دو یا چند سری سیم پیچ در روی آرمیچر است که این سیم پیچ ها دور یک قطب آهنی و البته با ایزولاسیون پیچیده شده و انتهای آن به کوموتاتور متصل است.

آرمیچر شامل برینگ هایی است که آن را در وسط موتور و مرکز تولید قدرت موتور نگه می دارد. سیم پیچ های آرمیچر به چرخش خود دور آرمیچر ادامه می دهند و هم از سیم های تکی و یا موازی استفاده می کنند و می توانند چندین دور به دور دندانه های انباره بزنند ( Stack Tooth ).

Dc Electric Motor Cycle 2

مقدار جریان عبوری و تعداد دورهای سیم پیچ تعیین کننده ی قدرت میدان مغناطیسی به وجود آمده می باشد. تواتر روشن و خاموش شدن یک سیم پیچ خاص معین کننده این است که یک میدان الکترومغناطیسی موثر به کدام جهت حرکت می کنند. باروشن و خاموش کردن یک سیم پیچ به صورت منظم و پشت سرهم یک میدان دوار ساخته شود. این میدهان مغناطیسی چرخنده بر روی میدان های که در روی استاتور وجود دارد و این میدان ها ممکن است توسط یک آهنربای دائمی و یا سیم پیچ به وجود آید واکنس می دهند و باعث به وجود آمدن نیرویی که آرمیچر را به چرخش در می آورد می شود. موتورهای DC در توان های بالا معمولا توسط تزیق هوا به داخل آنها خنک می شوند.

کوموتاتور به هر یک از سیم پیچ های آرمیچر اجازه می دهد که در نوبت خود فعال شوند. جریانی که سیم پیچ ها را تغذیه میکند به طور معمول توسط دو جاروبک و یا ذغال که با کوموتاتور اتصال لغزشی دارند برقرار می شود.

با پیشرفت تکنولوژی موتورهای DC بدون فرچه و زغال ساخته شده اند که دارای مدارات الکتریکی مرتبط ، جهت روشن و خاموش کردن جریان سیم پیچ آرمیچر هستند. این موتورها فرچه و ذغالی ندارند تا فرسوده شده و یا تولید جرقه کنند. از این الکتروموتورها در مکانهایی که تولید نویز ایجاد مشکلات عدیده ای می کند استفاده می شود ( مانند بیمارستانها و مراکز پردازش داده)

تعداد قطب های استاتور و آرمیچر و چگونگی اتصال سیم پیچ ها به یکدیگر ( سری یا موازی ) فاکتور سرعت / گشتاور این موتور ها را مشخض می کند. سرعت یک موتور DC می تواند با تغییر ولتاژی که به آرمیچر می دهیم تغییر کند. استفاده از مقاومت متغیر در مدار آرمیچر و یا مدار میدان به ما اجازه ی کنترل سرعت را می دهد. موتور های مدرن DC معمولا با مدارات الکترونیکی قدرت کنترل می شوند که این مدارات ولتاژ را با بریدن و تنظیم زمان قطع و وصل تنظیم می کنند که دارای ولتاژ کار پایین تر و موثرتری نیز هستند.

الکتروموتورهای DC سری دارای گشتاور زیاد در سرعت های پایین هستند. از این الکتروموتور ها در کاربردهایی چون لوکوموتیو های برقی و دیزل الکتریکی ، ترامواها و دریل های برقی بزرگ استفاده می شود.

معرفی موتور DC و یک سیستم برق رسانی برای به حرکت درآوردن ماشین آلات باعث به وحود آمدن یک انقلاب صنعتی دیگر در دهه ی ۱۸۷۰ شد. موتورهای DC می توانند به صورت مستقیم به باطری های قابل شارژ کار کنند و این اصل نیروی پیش رانه اولین خودروهای الکتریکی و اتومبیل های مرکب امروزی و حتی دستگاه های بدوم سیم را تامین کرد. امروزه موتورهای DC کوچک هنوز در کاربردهایی چون اسباب بازی ها و پرتاب کننده های دیسک و یا در سایزهای بزرگ برای به کار انداختن غلتک های گردان فلزات در کارخانه های نورد و ماشین های کاغذ بری بزرگ مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.

اگر توان خارجی به صورت مکانیکی به یک موتور DC داده شود این موتور به عنوان یک ژنراتور DC یا یک دینام کار می کند. از این خصوصیت برای شارژ باتری خودروهای الکتریکی و مرکب (هیبریدی) و قطار های برقی وقتی که اقدام به کاهش سرعت و ترمزگیری می کنند مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این پروسه را ترمز احیا کننده می نامند. در لوکوموتیوهای دیزل الکتریک نیز از موتور های DC به عنوان ژنراتور برای ترمزگیری استفاده می کنند که این انرژی در بسته های مقاومتی ( Resistor Stack) تلف می شود. اکنون در طراحی جدید بخشی از این انرژی را در باتری ها ذخیره می کنند.

خواندن 4432469 دفعه آخرین ویرایش در پنج شنبه, 03 اسفند 1396 00:05

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    Whether you are building a brand-new home or buying one that has been around for years, flooring will be a vital consideration for the interior design. If you consider the area taken by the flooring in a home, you are going to realize why floor coverings has a significant impact on your home's functional. It can determine whether a room looks relaxed, luxurious, warm, intimate, cozy, small , or big.

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    1. Take Hints Out of your Daily Situation
    Where you can start when considering the flooring type you should opt for each room is to step back and look for the unique situation. What number of rooms do you have at your house? Who uses every room? Do you have animals or children, and which rooms do they frequent? How often does one clean the floor? Things you want to spend in each room?

    Together with the answers to the previously mentioned questions, you will be able to think about each flooring variety and see how it has the strengths and weaknesses will work out there based on your unique problem. For instance, if you have youngsters and pets that will spend most of all their time in the dwelling areas, you may want to go along with a type of floor that may be easier to clean.

    A few floors are not well suited for families with allergic reactions like asthma or maybe rhinitis; you may want to be mindful when selecting a rug or synthetic floor coverings that releases gas that can worsen bronchial asthma.

    If the room is going to be used by seniors, you might consider slip resistance, comfort, and cushioning (in the event of an fall). You would also want to ensure that your flooring option allows aids, similar to walking frames, crutches, and wheelchairs, to maneuver easily. Preferable choices for such rooms include things like carpet and rubber. You would want to prevent hard materials such as natural stone.

    2. Look at the Area of your residence

    Consider the Location of your abode
    Writing for the web sites that provide tips to small business, TheBalancesmb. com, Erin Eberlin, advises that “the area of the region in which your property is placed can also have an impact on the best type of floor coverings to use. ” Eberlin continues: “In locations that are hot all year round and those with a lots of humidity, tile is usually preferred over wood or carpet. ”

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    3. Keep the Foreseeable future Value of Your home as the primary goal
    As a homeowner, among the factors that you will always need to remember is your property's price. Many people want to get the best brand name possible if they plan to sell their property at a later date. Therefore , you will need to make sure that you select floors that can make your house seem more expensive and appealing to future home customers.

    In an article publicized by the news web site USAToday. com, Samuel Weigley cites information from the National Association of Realtors. He reports that “Some 25% of purchasers under the age of 30, and 28% of people between 35 and 54, considered wooden floors ‘very important’ when looking for a home. ” Weigley reports which homebuyers are willing to spend $2, 080 to get a home with this form of floor.

    4. Pick Flooring Based on Bedroom Function
    As much as you consider a room's feature before you furnish the item, you will need to determine how floors in each bedroom will impact this room's activities.

    Like you are likely to spend a lot of your time standing when you are in the kitchen, possibly getting the flooring surfaces oily. Therefore , you might like to select a flooring sort for the kitchen that may be nonslip or simpler to clean. Various types including vinyl, laminate, or tile would be suited.

    Let’s look in short , at the main rooms in a home and pair them with the top flooring options for all their functions.

    Kitchen: Think of safety, cleaning, and also kitchen traffic and also go with vinyl, layered, and ceramic to pick from.

    Family living rooms: The family living rooms will be the most popular places at home for both your along with guests. The most popular forms of flooring in loved ones living rooms in contemporary homes, as known to be by ConsumerReports. org, are solid wood and also engineered wood. Floor covering is still a popular option because it’s comfy and inviting.

    Bedrooms: Each family member will probably spend a considerable amount of time frame sleeping, working, or maybe relaxing in their bedroom. Carpeting is the best solution for this room as you will be spending lots of your time barefooted. Wood, laminate, and softtop are also great options regarding bedrooms.

    Kid’s playroom: The floor in the child's playroom is likely to consider much abuse; so, it needs to be durable while remaining relaxed. This is why rubber floor coverings comes to mind when we think about this room.

    Porte, mudrooms, and doorways and windows: The floors in these spaces will be used by almost everyone who gets to your home; therefore , you will want something durable but still beautiful. Consider hardwood flooring, mainly ceramic and porcelain, because these tiles are powerful and easier to clean up. Natural stone will also work well in this area.

    Bath rooms: An average human being can spend around 416 days of their lifetime in a bathroom (translating to over 23 short minutes a day); therefore , the bathroom should have a durable and gorgeous floor. Some of the best tiles for this room contain clay, stone, piece vinyl, and linoleum.

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    Some people need to radiate warmth in keeping with their characters, and the like want to come across seeing that serious. Your home, or even rooms in your home, can often show your personality. As an illustration, someone who wants to demonstrate a connection with nature may want to go with wooden or stone. Yet, someone looking for a more contemporary look may want shiny finish porcelain.

    6. Select a Colouring Using the Mood you Want to Develop
    Distinct colors make different atmospheres and moods in a space. For instance, selecting reddish flooring can make a area feel cozy. Nevertheless, you would want to prevent this color in the bedroom because it’s stimulative. However , if you desired to choose a flooring coloring for a child's room, you may want to go with something bright and daring.

    The color of your floors can also be a statement about your personality. For instance, an increasingly outgoing person may want to go with bright colours like yellow, whilst a more reserved individual may want something deeper or green. Therefore , you will want to consider the celebrities of different members of your family before you identify the type or colour of flooring to put in all their room.

    7. View the Tendencies

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    Just as much as you decide what to have on based on the fashion trends of an given time, your home will also need to conform to change. For instance, completely new technologies are coming up all the time. Flooring that may have been a bad thing in bathrooms a decade ago may now be suitable to use in these spots. This is because technology has turned such flooring less hazardous or more water-resistant.

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    If you want to use different floor options in your home, you would probably want to ensure that your house has a continuous flow when looked at as a whole. If you don't plan that correctly, the different surfaces options will create a great eyesore. This is the reason the reason we advise homeowners to follow the 'Less than Three' Guideline, which stipulates that you ought to not have more than 3 kinds of materials per floor in a residence.

    Look at the other goods in the room before you take a flooring alternative. For example , the color with the room's furniture, often the lighting, or the crops in a room could determine whether you go along with something more contemporary similar to glossy finish porcelain or hardwood.

    9. Be sure you Can Satisfy Installation Requirements
    Have you been planning to hire an expert to install your flooring, or do you want to make that a DIY job? If you plan to do it yourself, you will need to ensure that you select a flooring option that you understand how to work with. Folks will likely see if work has been done by someone that doesn’t have the capabilities.

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    10. Focus on Maintenance

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    Some flooring options, like flooring, can be cleaned easily, while some, like rugs, will require more job once in a while to maintain. Furthermore, some wooden floors may need to be sanded and varnished now and then. If you don't want to be concered about all these things, you may have to consider something that needs less maintenance, such as stone or ceramic tiles.

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    It is, consequently , essential to start by choosing what you would like to expend. Knowing what you want to spend will ensure that you don't find yourself going over budget finding your preferred flooring alternative.

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